Geographic Tongue is a condition that gives you a look like a map with irregular spots appearing on the top and side of the Tongue. The look of geographic Tongue may raise a concern in you when you are first experiencing it. But geographic Tongue is a non-cancerous condition that does not cause any health issues and which does not require any treatment.

This article will make it clear that geographic Tongue is not harmful, and only the looks will raise a concern. Continue reading to know about symptoms, causes and treatment of geographic Tongue.

What is geographic Tongue?

Geographic Tongue is a sign of inflammation affecting the side and top of your tongue. The side and top of the Tongue have papillae (tiny, pinkish-white bumps that help us to eat, swallow, and taste). If you have a geographic tongue, then those papillae on the top and side of the tongue disappear. The loss of papillae appears in smooth red colour patches. 

The loss of tiny hair-like structures called papillae on the surface of the Tongue causes smooth red-coloured patches that differ from other areas of the Tongue. It makes the top and side of the Tongue look like a map. So, it is called a geographic tongue. It is also called erythema migrans tongue and benign migratory glossitis.

If you notice the map-like structure on the other parts of the Tongue apart from the top and side of the Tongue, then it is a different condition called stomatitis erythema migrans. It is not much different from the geographic Tongue. The only difference is that lesions have spread across various parts of the Tongue.

Pictures of Geographic Tongue

Geographic Tongue Symptoms

Geographic Tongue is a condition that does not cause any pain, and most of the individuals affected by geographic Tongue know they have such a condition in a routine dental checkup. 

Some people may notice the signs of geographic tongue. They are,

• Irregular Patches: Smooth, red patches on the Tongue with white or light-coloured borders. 
• Changing Patterns: The patches often change shape and size over time. 
• Tongue Discomfort: A burning or tingling sensation, especially when eating spicy, acidic, or hot foods. 
• Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to certain foods, drinks, or substances. 
• Uneven Texture: A map-like appearance on the Tongue due to uneven loss of papillae (small bumps). 
• Asymptomatic Cases: In some individuals, there may be no discomfort, only visible changes. 
• Recurring Episodes: Symptoms may appear, disappear, and reoccur over time. 
• Associated Conditions: May occur alongside other conditions like fissured Tongue or psoriasis.

What Causes Geographic Tongue?

Doctors are not sure of what causes geographic tongue. But certain risk factors cause geographic tongue. They are,

• Genetics: A family history of geographic Tongue increases the likelihood of developing them. 
• Fissured Tongue: Individuals with fissured Tongue are more prone to geographic Tongue. 
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as during pregnancy or menstruation, may trigger symptoms. 
• Stress: High levels of stress or anxiety can exacerbate the condition. 
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of certain nutrients like vitamin B12, zinc, or iron might play a role. 
• Allergic Reactions: Allergies to certain foods or substances can act as a trigger. 
• Age and Gender: More common in adults and slightly more prevalent in women.

Also people with certain diseases are likely to develop geographic tongue. They are,

• Type 1 diabetes
• Eczema
• Reactive arthritis
• Celiac disease
• Lichen planus
• Psoriasis

Treatment for Geographic Tongue

Geographic Tongue is an unharmful and benign condition that does not require any treatments. Here are some approaches you can follow to avoid the discomfort caused by the symptoms of geographic Tongue. They are,

Lifestyle Changes

• Avoid spicy, acidic, or salty foods as they can irritate the tongue. So, avoiding these can reduce discomfort. 
• Maintaining your oral hygiene with regular brushing and flossing with non-abrasive toothpaste can help maintain oral health. 
• Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated. Because it can keep your tongue moist and reduce irritation.

Medications

• Use topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and discomfort. 
• Using antihistamines will help alleviate burning sensations or discomfort caused by allergic reactions. 
• If you are having pain, then using pain relievers and over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen can ease pain. 
• If you are having irritation then using anesthetic mouthwashes like lidocaine could act as a numbing agent and provide temporary relief.

Stress Management

• Geographic Tongue may worsen with stress. So, practising relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga can help manage symptoms.

Doctor Consultation

• Mostly doctor consultation is not necessary as most of the patients with geographic Tongue will come to know they have this condition only in a random dental checkup. If symptoms persist or worsen, then consult a dentist or healthcare provider. 

Takeaway

Geographic Tongue is a non-painful, non-cancerous and non-harmful inflammatory condition that makes our Tongue look like a land of masses and oceans as it is on a geographical map. If the geographic tongue is causing painful symptoms and keeps worsening, then consult a dentist. 

Consult with Oris Dental Center experts to reduce the pain caused by geographic Tongue and how to get rid of geographic tongue inflammation.

Frequently asked question

+ Does geographic tongue hurt?

Geographic tongue can cause discomfort or a burning sensation, particularly when eating spicy or acidic foods. While it is generally harmless, some individuals report sensitivity in affected areas. Treatment is usually unnecessary unless symptoms are bothersome, in which case topical treatments may help alleviate discomfort.

+ Why is my tongue peeling white?

A white peeling tongue may result from various factors, including poor oral hygiene, dehydration, or conditions like oral thrush and leukoplakia. The white appearance is often due to debris trapped between inflamed papillae. If persistent, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider for evaluation.

+ Does geographic tongue occur during pregnancy?

Geographic tongue can occur during pregnancy. While the exact cause remains unclear, hormonal changes associated with pregnancy may contribute to its increased prevalence. Factors like genetic predisposition and stress may also play a role in its development during this time.

+ What does the peeling tongue look like?

Peeling tongue can appear as smooth, red patches on the surface, often surrounded by raised white borders. This condition, known as geographic tongue, features irregular patches that may change in size and location over time. It can be painless or cause mild discomfort, especially when consuming certain foods.

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